Data Sheet Index Archive - VelocityEHS

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent

Kaitlin Black — Mon, 10 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent (BSE) is a progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle.

Please visit this link to view more information on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent:

http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/bseesb/bseesbe.shtml

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Actinobacillus spp.

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Actinobacillus spp.

PATHOGEN SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Actinobacillus spp. and Aggregatibacter spp.

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Actinobacillus spp: Actinobacillus lignieresii, Actinobacillus ureae (formerly Pasteurella ureae), Actinobacillus hominis, Actinobacillus suis actinobacillosis (1-4); Aggregatibacter spp. (formerly Actinobacillus and Haemophilus species), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (formerly Actinobacillus actinomycetcomitans), Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (formerly Haemophilus aphophilus) and Aggregatibacter segnis (formerly Haemophilus segnis) (4, 5)

CHARACTERISTICS: Actinobacillus and Aggregatibacter spp. both belong to the family Pasteurellaceae (1). They are facultative anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid to small gram negative rods (mean size 0.1 – 1.0 um) (1, 3). They have what is described as a Morse-code appearance and irregular staining (3). The colonies are translucent and 1-2 mm in diameter on blood agar (3). Growth requires enriched media and is improved by a 5 % – 10 % CO2 atmosphere (1). Aggregatibacter spp. are as for Actinobacillus, except that some strains may require V factor (that is, NAD or NADP) for growth but no strain in either genus requires X factor (heme).

SECTION II- HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinobacillus. ureae, and A. hominis exclusively colonize humans (1). The other Actinobacillus species colonize animals, which can act as a reservoir for opportunistic human infections. A. actinomycetemcomitans is part of the normal flora of the human oral cavity and is one of the major causes of endocarditis, soft tissue infections, abscess formation, and adult and juvenile periodontis (1, 3). A. ureae and A. hominis have primarily been found in the sputum and tracheal secretions in patients with chronic respiratory tract diseases or pneumonia, although systemic infections have been reported (1). It is assumed that they also colonize the respiratory tract of healthy individuals. A. lignieresii causes actinobacillosis, a granulomatous disease in cattle and sheep. A few human soft tissue infections, originating from contact with, or bites from, cattle or sheep have been reported. A. equuli and A. suis cause a variety of diseases in horses and pigs and human infection are mostly due to horse or pig bites. Both species have also been isolated from the human upper respiratory tract. A. pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious and often fatal respiratory disease of major economic importance to the pig industry (2). The disease, which occurs in pigs of all ages, is characterized by necrotizing, haemorrhagic bronchopneumonia and serofibrinous pleuritis.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide distribution. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is commonly found in Asian populations and several studies showed a clear predominance of serotype c in Japanese, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean individuals (6). Conversely, the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans has enhanced virulence and causes significantly higher prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in adolescents whose descent can be traced back to the Mediterranean and Western parts of Africa(6).

HOST RANGE: Actinobacillus and Aggregatibacter spp. infect humans and animals, including sheep, pigs, horses, cattle, hares and swans (7)(1, 2, 6, 8)

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Aggregatibacter actinomycetecmcomitans can be transmitted to humans from animal bites (sheep, pigs, horses, cattle) (1, 2, 6) or between humans via direct contact with human saliva (9, 10).

INCUBATION PERIOD: Unknown.

COMMUNICABILITY: Capable of transmission from person-to-person. Studies demonstrate that family members commonly harbour the same strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans (10).

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Humans, animals (1, 2, 6).

ZOONOSIS: Capable of zoonosis. Actinobacillus or Aggregatibacter spp. can be transferred to humans by animal bites (1).

VECTOR: None.

SECTION IV- STABILITY AND VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY/RESISTANCE: Actinobacillus or Aggregatibacter strains are generally susceptible to a range of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, cefotaxime, cefazolin, doxycycline and aminoglycosides (1, 3).

DRUG RESISTANCE: Aggregatibacte. actinomycetemcomitans is resistant to penicillin and macrolides (1, 3). A. lignieresii is sensitive to chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and streptomycin, and resistant to neomycin, novobiocin and oleandomycin (3).

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Generally susceptible to glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and sulfathiazole (11, 12). A. pleuropneumoniae has been shown to also be susceptible to mercurochrome, high concentrations of iodine, and a quaternary ammonium compound formulation containing combinations of benzalkonium chloride, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal and formaldehyde (12).

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Heat at 121 °C for 15 minutes under pressure. Specific species may be heat inactivated at lower temperatures (3).

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Survives less than 24 hours when dried on paper (3).

SECTION V – FIRST AID / MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms. Infection can be confirmed by bacterial isolation on enriched growth media such as blood agar with appropriate supplements followed by morphological assessment and biochemical testing (i.e. PCR for surface polysaccharides, immunofluorescence) (1, 3).

Note: All diagnostic methods are not necessarily available in all countries.

FIRST AID TREATMENT: Administer appropriate antibiotic therapy (1, 3).

IMMUNIZATION: None.

PROPHYLAXIS: None.

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARD

LABORATORY ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported to date.

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Human and animal samples: tracheal secretions, bronchial washings and lavages, oral cavity samples (subgingival plaque samples, dental plaque samples), pus and exudates from lesions, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory tract samples (1, 3).

PRIMARY HAZARD: Accidental parenteral inoculation or mucous membrane exposure.

SPECIAL HAZARD: None.

SECTION VII- EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: Risk group 2 (13). This risk group applies to the genus as a whole, and may not apply to every species within the genus.

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Containment Level 2 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials, animals, or cultures. These containment requirements apply to the Actinobacillus spp. as a whole, and may not apply to each species within the genus.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Lab coat. Gloves when direct skin contact with infected materials or animals is unavoidable. Eye protection must be used where there is a known or potential risk of exposure to splashes (14).

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: All procedures that may produce aerosols, or involve high concentrations or large volumes should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC). The use of needles, syringes, and other sharp objects should be strictly limited (14). Additional precautions should be considered with work involving animals or large scale activities.

SECTION VIII- HANDLING AND STORAGE

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply suitable disinfectant, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time before clean up (14, 15).

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration (14).

STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled (14).

SECTION IX – REGULATORY AND OTHER INFORMATION

REGULATORY INFORMATION: The import, transport, and use of pathogens in Canada is regulated under many regulatory bodies, including the Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Environment Canada, and Transport Canada. Users are responsible for ensuring they are compliant with all relevant acts, regulations, guidelines, and standards.

UPDATED: August 2010

PREPARED BY: Pathogen Regulation Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada

Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Pathogen Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.

This MSDS / PSDS document, provided by Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), is offered here as a FREE public service to visitors of www.EHS.com. As outlined in this site’s Terms of Use, VelocityEHS is not responsible for the accuracy, content or any aspect of the information contained therein.

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Actinomyces spp.

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Actinomyces spp.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Actinomyces spp.

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: A. israelii, A. naeslundii, A. meyeri, A. propionicus was Arachnia propionica now called (Propionibacterium propionicum), A. odontolyticus

CHARACTERISTICS: Gram positive rods that grow as filaments, branching rods and diphtheroid rods; non-spore-forming; contains well developed pili; microaerophilic to anaerobic; contains sulfur granules

SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD

PATHOGENICITY: Opportunistic pathogen. Chronic bacterial disease localized in jaw, thorax, or abdomen. Characterized by persistent swelling, suppuration and formation of abscesses or granulomas; major types are cervicofacial, thoracic and abdominal; hematogenous spread to other organs, although rare, is possible. May also be involved in pelvic inflammatory disease associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices. A. naeslundii is believed to be involved in dental caries and periodontal disease

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; normal inhabitant of the mouth and found in saliva, on the tongue, gingival crevices; disease results after trauma or immune suppression; infrequent disease, sporadic, 15-35 years of age; 2 to 1 male/female ratio

HOST RANGE: Humans, and other Actinomyces species in cattle, horses and other animals

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Person-to-person by contact of mouth, aerosols, fomites

INCUBATION PERIOD: Irregular, may be days or months after precipitating trauma of oral tissues

COMMUNICABILITY: Unknown

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Humans; the organisms grow as saprophytes in normal oral cavity

ZOONOSIS: None

VECTORS: None

SECTION IV – VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Susceptible to penicillin, cephalosporin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, carbenicillin

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to many disinfectants: 70% ethanol, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to heat

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Survived on glass surface for 49 days and in tap water for up to 3 days

SECTION V – MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms and demonstration of organism in tissue or pus

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Surgical drainage of abscesses, antibiotic therapy

IMMUNIZATION: None available

PROPHYLAXIS: None available

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: One case was reported that was due to the inhalation of infectious aerosols

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Saliva, tissue, pus

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parenteral inoculation, inhalation of infectious aerosols

SPECIAL HAZARDS: None

SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment facilities for all activities involving the bacteria or any infectious fluid or tissue

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious material is unavoidable

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None

SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing gently cover spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration

STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled

SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Date prepared: November 1999

Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC

Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.

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Adenovirus (Types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7)

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Adenovirus (Types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 7)

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Adenovirus types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: ARD, acute respiratory disease, pharyngoconjunctival fever

CHARACTERISTICS: Adenoviridae; non-enveloped, icosahedral virions, 70-90 nm diameter, doubled-stranded, linear DNA genome.

SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD

PATHOGENICITY: Varies in clinical manifestation and severity; symptoms include fever, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, cough and conjunctivitis; common cause of nonstreptococcal exudative pharyngitis among children under 3 years; more severe diseases include laryngitis, croup, bronchiolitis, or severe pneumonia; a syndrome of pharyngitis and conjunctivitis (pharyngoconjunctival fever) is associated with adenovirus infection

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; seasonal in temperate regions, with highest incidences in the fall, winter and early spring; in tropical areas, infections are common in the wet and colder weather; annual incidence is particularly high in children; adenovirus types 4 and 7 are common among military recruits (ARD)

HOST RANGE: Humans

INFECTIOUS DOSE: >150 plaque forming units when given intranasally

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Directly by oral contact and droplet spread; indirectly by handkerchiefs, eating utensils and other articles freshly soiled with respiratory discharge of an infected person; outbreaks have been related to swimming pools; possible spread through the fecal-oral route

INCUBATION PERIOD: From 1-10 days

COMMUNICABILITY: Shortly prior to and for the duration of the active disease

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Humans

ZOONOSIS: None

VECTORS: None

SECTION IV – VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: No specific antiviral available; cidofovir has shown promise in the treatment of adenoviral ocular infections.

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, 0.25% sodium dodecyl sulfate

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to heat>56°C; unusually stable to chemical or physical agents and adverse pH conditions

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Resistance to chemical and physical agents allows for prolonged survival outside of the body. Adenovirus type 3 survived up to 10 days on paper under ambient conditions; adenovirus type 2 survived from 3-8 weeks on environmental surfaces at room temperature

SECTION V – MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm by serological analysis

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Mainly supportive therapy

IMMUNIZATION: Vaccine available for adenovirus types 4 and 7 (used for military recruits)

PROPHYLAXIS: None available

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Ten cases documented up to 1988

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Respiratory secretions

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion; droplet exposure of the mucous membrane

SPECIAL HAZARDS: Contact with feces from infected animals

SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment facilities for all activities involving the virus and potentially infectious body fluids or tissues

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious materials is unavoidable

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None

SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, incineration, chemical disinfection

STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled

SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Date prepared: November 1999

Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC

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Adenovirus (types 40 and 41)

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Adenovirus (Serotypes 40 & 41)

PATHOGEN SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Adenovirus (Serotypes 40 & 41)

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Adenovirus Species F, enteric adenovirus(1,2), fastidious adenovirus(2), ADV 40, and ADV 41.

CHARACTERISTICS: Human adenoviruses are members of the family Adenoviridae and genus Mastadenovirus. They are nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral capsid, 70-90 nm in diameter and a double-stranded, linear DNA genome(1).

SECTION II – HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41 cause acute gastroenteritis primarily in children. Symptoms may include fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, and last for approximately 10 days. Respiratory symptoms can occur in some individuals. The disease is usually self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals; however rare fatalities can occur in immunocompromised individuals(1). Asymptomatic infections are common, particularly in children(3).

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Enteric adenovirus is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide(1). Enteric adenoviruses have been identified in 9% of children with diarrhea. They are the third most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis after rotavirus and norovirus(2). Sporadic and endemic infections may occur year-round(1).

HOST RANGE: Humans.

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: The virus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route(1).

INCUBATION PERIOD: 3 to 10 days(1).

COMMUNICABILITY: Low communicability between close contacts in the same household(4). Virus shedding takes place during the acute stage of the disease, since enteric adenoviruses are rarely recovered from stool samples more than a few weeks after recovery from gastroenteritis(1). Asymptomatic individuals (mainly children) shed adenoviruses in their stool(3).

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Humans(5).

ZOONOSIS: None.

VECTORS: None.

SECTION IV – STABILITY AND VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: None. Reports indicate that cidofovir may be effective against adenoviruses; however, no controlled trials have been performed so far, and the drug is not currently licensed for use(6).

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Adenoviruses are resistant to lipid disinfectants, but are inactivated by formaldehyde and chlorine(6). Adenoviruses can be inactivated by contact with 1:5 dilution of bleach for 1-2 minutes, and by contact with alcohol-based hand gels(1).

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Adenoviruses are highly resistant to inactivation(1). Adenovirus can be inactivated by heat(6): heating to 56 °C for 30 min, 60 °C for 2 min, and autoclaving will destroy infectivity(1). Adenovirus serotype 40 is also sensitive to UV radiation(7).

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Most serotypes are stable at 36 °C for a week, for several weeks at room temperature, and for several months at 4 °C(1,8). Adenoviruses are very stable in the environment and persist for 7 days to 3 months on dry inanimate surfaces(8). They can also survive for many days in tap water, sewage effluent, and sea water(9).

SECTION V – FIRST AID / MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms of gastrointestinal and/or respiratory illness. Enteric adenovirus infection can be detected by electron microscopy, agglutination tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or by PCR(10).

Note: All diagnostic methods are not necessarily available in all countries.

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Illness is generally self-limiting. Treatment is primarily oral rehydration or, in serious cases, intravenous rehydration(10).

IMMUNISATION: None.

PROPHYLAXIS: None.

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: At least 10 cases of laboratory-acquired adenovirus infections have occurred up to 2006; however, the serotypes involved were not reported(11).

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Fecal samples(1,4).

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion of virus(1), accidental parenteral inoculation, and droplet exposure of the mucous membranes of the eye, nose, or mouth.

SPECIAL HAZARDS: None.

SECTION VII – EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: Risk Group 2(12).

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Containment Level 2 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for all work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials, animals, and cultures.

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: All procedures that may produce aerosols, or involve high concentrations or large volumes should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC). The use of needles, syringes, and other sharp objects should be strictly limited. Additional precautions should be considered with work involving animals or large scale activities(13).

SECTION VIII – HANDLING AND STORAGE

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle, and while wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with paper towels and apply appropriate disinfectant, starting at the perimeter, working inwards towards the centre. Allow sufficient contact time before clean up(13).

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal by steam sterilization, incineration, or chemical disinfection(13).

STORAGE: In locked, leak-proof containers that are appropriately labelled and secured(13).

SECTION IX – REGULATORY AND OTHER INFORMATION

UPDATED: November 2010

PREPARED BY: Pathogen Regulation Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada.

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Aerococcus spp.

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Aerococcus spp.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Aerococcus spp.

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: A. viridans, A. urinae, A. christensenii

CHARACTERISTICS: Gram positive cocci, usually singly or in tetrads; microaerophilic

SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD

PATHOGENICITY: Opportunistic pathogen; associated with bacteremia, endocarditis and urinary tract infections ; primary cause of fatal lobster disease called gaffkemia; causes greenish discolouration of pickled and cooked meats, such as ham products

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Occurs worldwide

HOST RANGE: Lobsters, humans

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Opportunistic pathogen causing infections as a result of trauma, or in immune compromised individuals

INCUBATION PERIOD: Unknown

COMMUNICABILITY: Not directly transmitted from person to person

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Widespread in nature; aquatic and marine environments; common airborne organism in hospitals; can also be found on human skin

ZOONOSIS: None

VECTORS: None

SECTION IV – VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Penicillin, vancomycin, macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol

DRUG RESISTANCE: A. viridans displays a low level of resistance to aminoglycosides; penicillin resistance has been reported in 1 case; A. urinae is resistant to sulfonamides

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to many disinfectants – 1% sodium hypochlorite, iodines, 70% ethanol, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to moist heat (121°C for at least 15 min) and dry heat (160-170°C for at least 1 hour)

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Survives well in nature – soil, marine environments

SECTION V – MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: None

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Wash exposed area with soap and warm water (omit soap if mucous membrane exposure); antibiotic therapy

IMMUNIZATION: None

PROPHYLAXIS: None

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: No reported cases of laboratory infection with Aerococcus spp.

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Environmental sources – soil, water; blood, wound exudates, endometrium

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Hazard of infection is low, however, avoid accidental parenteral inoculation, ingestion, and inhalation of infectious droplets

SPECIAL HAZARDS: No special hazards

SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Well designed laboratory with good microbiological techniques; this level of containment does not allow for any additional risk that may be present for persons with pre-existing disease, compromised immunity, or who are pregnant

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when direct contact with infectious materials is unavoidable

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None

SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection

STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled

SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Date prepared: November 1999

Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC

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Aeromonas Hydrophila

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Aeromonas Hydrophila

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Aeromonas hydrophila

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Aeromonads

CHARACTERISTICS: Gram negative small rods, polar flagella, facultatively anaerobic, exotoxins

SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD

PATHOGENICITY: Associated with gastroenteritis, wound infections (cellulitis), septicemia, ocular and respiratory tract infections, pneumonia and urinary tract infections; frequent pathogens for cold-blooded marine and freshwater amphibians and reptiles (red leg disease in frogs); also in birds

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; especially near freshwater sources; incidence of serious human disease is increasing and many isolates are probably misdiagnosed as coliforms

HOST RANGE: Humans, amphibians, fish, reptiles, birds

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Fecal-oral transmission; contact with contaminated water, food, soil, faeces; ingestion of contaminated fish or reptiles

INCUBATION PERIOD: Not clearly identified

COMMUNICABILITY: Not usually transmitted from person to person

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Salt and freshwater, soil, sewage

ZOONOSIS: None

VECTORS: None

SECTION IV – VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Susceptible to expanded- and broad-spectrum cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and the quinolones

DRUG RESISTANCE: Resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and ticarcillin

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to many disinfectants – 1% sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde, iodines, phenolics, formaldehyde

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to moist heat (121°C for at least 15 min) and dry heat (160-170°C for at least 1 hour)

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Survives well in natural water sources and soil

SECTION V – MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Fluid replacement and antibiotic therapy as indicated

IMMUNIZATION: None

PROPHYLAXIS: Not usually administered

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported to date

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Faeces, urine, blood, sputum, bile

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion, accidental parenteral inoculation, direct contact of mucous membranes

SPECIAL HAZARDS: Naturally or experimentally infected cold-blooded animals

SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities for all activities involving known or potentially infectious clinical materials and cultures

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when direct contact with infectious materials is unavoidable

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Good personal hygiene and frequent handwashing

SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration

STORAGE: In sealed containers

SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Date prepared: November 1999

Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC

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Ancylostoma Duodenale

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Ancylostoma Duodenale (and Ancylostoma Caninum)

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Ancylostoma duodenale (and Ancylostoma caninum)

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Hookworm disease, ancylostomiasis, ground itch

CHARACTERISTICS: Intestinal nematode; adult hookworms are small cylindrical and creamy-white; males measure 8-11 mm in length and 0.45 mm width, females are 10-13 mm long, 0.60 mm wide; eggs are 50-60 µm long and 35-40 µm wide; head continues in same direction as curvature of body

SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD

PATHOGENICITY: Clinical features correspond mainly to the intensity of infection; heavy infection leads to development of iron deficiency, hypochromic, microcytic anemia; cardiac complications may occur; children with heavy, long-term infection can develop hypoproteinemia; severe acute pulmonary and GI reaction can occasionally result following exposure to infective larvae

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide distribution; widely endemic in tropical and subtropical countries where improper disposal of human faeces is practiced; common in north Africa, northern India, northern parts of the Far East and the Andean region of South America

HOST RANGE: Humans

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Orally or percutaneously (transmitted by fecal contamination of the soil – infective larvae penetrate the skin, usually the foot)

INCUBATION PERIOD: Varies from a few weeks to many months; depends on infectious load

COMMUNICABILITY: Not known

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Humans, dogs

ZOONOSIS: Dogs (A. caninum)

VECTORS: None

SECTION IV – VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, bephenium hydroxynphthoate

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1 % sodium hypochorite, 2% glutaraldehyde

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Larvae sensitive to desiccation and freezing

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Can survive weeks to several months in warm, damp soil; temperatures from 26.7-32.2°C are optimal for larval development

SECTION V – MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm by microscopic demonstration of eggs in stools

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer appropriate drug therapy, iron supplements if anemia severe

IMMUNIZATION: Vaccine(s) in development

PROPHYLAXIS: None available

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported to date

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Faeces

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion; droplet exposure of the mucous membranes; accidental inoculation

SPECIAL HAZARDS: None

SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment equipment for all activities involving infective stages of the parasite, infectious or potentially infectious body fluids or tissues

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious material is unavoidable

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None

SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration

STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled

SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Date prepared: November 1999

Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC

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Angiostrongylus Cantonensis

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Angiostrongylus Cantonensis

PATHOGEN SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Angiostrongylus cantonensis

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Parastrongylus cantonensis, rat lungworm, angiostrongyliasis, cerebral angiostrongyliasis, eosinophilic meningitis, eosinophilic meningoencephalitis.

CHARACTERISTICS: A. cantonensis is a parasitic nematode from the genus Angiostrongylus (1-4). Females are 21 mm to 25 mm long, while the males are 16 mm to 19 mm long. Mature worms live in the pulmonary arteries of rats and produce fertilized eggs that develop into first-stage larvae. These larvae migrate up the trachea, are swallowed and expelled with the feces. They remain viable and infectious in the feces or freshwater for several weeks. The life cycle is completed only if these larvae are ingested by a mollusc intermediate host (land snails or slugs). In about 2 weeks, the larvae then mature into infectious third-stage larvae that maintain infection for the life of the molluscs. Shrimp, fish, crabs, frogs, predacious land planarians, or monitor lizards may eat the infected mollusks and serve as paratenic hosts. Rodents ingest either the mollusks or paratenic hosts and become infected. Humans (dead end hosts) can become infected by ingesting raw contaminated intermediate or paratenic hosts or vegetables contaminated with third stage larvae.

SECTION II – HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Infection may be mild and death is rare (4). Once infective larvae of A. cantonensis are ingested, they invade the intestinal tissue and can cause enteritis. The larvae then pass through the liver and lungs before reaching the nervous system. While the nematode moves through the lung, cough, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, malaise and fever can develop. After around 2 weeks, when the nematode reaches the central nervous system (CNS), the main clinical manifestation is eosinophilic meningitis, characterized by headache, neck stiffness, parasthesia, vomiting, fever, nausea and blurred vision or diplopia. Children may also feel sleepy, and experience abdominal pain, or weakness of the extremities. Eosinophilic pleocytosis, eosinophilic encephalitis and ocular angiostrongyliasis may also occur (3, 4).

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Angiostrongyliasis is endemic in Southeast Asia, Australia, the South Pacific and the Caribbean (2, 4). Sporadic cases can occur throughout the world and may be linked to travel in endemic areas (4, 5).

HOST RANGE: Humans, rodents (rats are the definitive host), molluscs, crustaceans, flatworms, frogs and monitor lizards (2, 4).

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Transmission is based on food-borne routes, ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked contaminated molluscs, crustacean, or other hosts; or ingestion of vegetables contaminated with infectious larvae (4).

INCUBATION PERIOD: Highly variable, ranging from 1 day to several months, depending on the number of parasites. Usually 1-3 weeks for humans (3, 4).

COMMUNICABILITY: Not transmitted from person-to-person, as humans are dead end hosts (1, 5).

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Rats (2, 4, 5).

ZOONOSIS: Yes, illness can be transmitted to humans through ingestion of infectious larvae carried by reservoir hosts (6).

VECTORS: Molluscs, crustaceans, flatworms, frogs and monitor lizards (4).

SECTION IV – STABILITY AND VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: There is no specific treatment for angiostrongyliasis. A cantonensis is susceptible to albendazole and mebendazole, but a systemic response to dying worms may make the condition worse (2, 3, 7).

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite or 1-5% glutaraldehyde (8-10).

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Inactivation can be achieved by exposure to -15°C for 12 to 24 hours or by boiling for 2 – 3 minutes (11).

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Third stage larva outside a host can survive for up to a week in water (12).

SECTION V – FIRST AID / MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for clinical symptoms. Diagnosis is based on a history of exposure and presence of eosinophils in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (4). Serological tests can also be used to detect antibodies in serum or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) (2-4).

Note: All diagnostic methods are not necessarily available in all countries.

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Symptoms are usually mild and the infection is generally self-limiting (4). Supportive treatment to reduce pain and inflammation, such as corticosteroids, has been used (3, 4). Lumbar puncture can be used to relieve intracranial pressure. Patients with ocular angiostrongyliasis require surgery to remove worms from the eye. Anthelmintic drugs, such as albendazole and mebendazole, may be administered, but can also exacerbate the neurological symptoms due to an inflammatory response to dying worms.

IMMUNIZATION: None.

PROPHYLAXIS: None.

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported.

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Infected tissues or cerebrospinal fluid, molluscs and other intermediate or paratenic hosts (2).

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental perenteral inoculation, or ingestion of infected organisms.

SPECIAL HAZARDS: None.

SECTION VII – EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: Risk Group 2.

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Containment Level 2 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials, animals, or cultures.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Lab coat. Gloves when direct skin contact with infected materials or animals is unavoidable. Eyes protection must be used where there is known or potential risk of exposure to splashes (13).

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: All procedures that may produce aerosols, or involve high concentrations or large volumes should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC). The use of needles, syringes, and other sharp objects should be strictly limited. Additional precautions should be considered with work involving animals or large scale activities (13).

SECTION VIII – HANDLING AND STORAGE

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle and, while wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with paper towels and apply suitable disinfectant, starting at the perimeter, working inwards towards the centre. Allow sufficient contact time before clean up , and then repeat (13, 14).

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal by steam sterilization, incineration, or chemical disinfection (13).

STORAGE: In locked, leak-proof containers that are appropriately labelled and secured (13).

SECTION IX – REGULATORY AND OTHER INFORMATION

UPDATED: October 2010

PREPARED BY: Pathogen Regulation Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada.

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Ascaris Lumbricoides

Kaitlin Black — Fri, 07 Apr 2017 04:00:00 +0000

Ascaris Lumbricoides

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Ascaris lumbricoides

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Ascariasis, roundworm infection, ascaridiasis

CHARACTERISTICS: Largest and most common intestinal nematode in humans; fertile eggs are oval to subspherical, 45-75 µm by 35-50 µm and are covered by a thick shell with a light brown mammillated, albuminous outer coat; unfertile eggs are thin-walled, ellipsoidal; found in the small intestine, particularly the jejunum

SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD

PATHOGENICITY: Symptoms correlate with worm load: light loads are asymptomatic; heavier loads cause abdominal symptoms, diarrhea and malnutrition. A bolus of worms may obstruct the intestine; migrating larvae may cause pneumonitis and eosinophilia

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; greatest prevalence in the moist tropical countries where incidence exceeds 50%; incidence highest in children 3-8 years old

HOST RANGE: Humans

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Ingestion of infective eggs from soil contaminated with human faeces, uncooked produce contaminated with soil containing infective eggs

INCUBATION PERIOD: Variable; life cycle requires 4-8 weeks to be completed; faeces contain fertile eggs about 60 days after ingestion of embryonated eggs

COMMUNICABILITY: For as long as mature fertilized female worms are alive in the intestine transmission is possible; usual life span of adult worm is 12 months, maximum is 24 months

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Humans; ascarid eggs in soil

ZOONOSIS: None

VECTORS: None

SECTION IV – VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Susceptible to mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantel pamoate

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde; ascaris eggs are resistant to chemical disinfectants and temporary immersion in strong chemicals

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to heat

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Eggs may remain viable in favourable soil for years

SECTION V – MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm by microscopic examination for eggs in faeces or for passage of adult worms

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer appropriate drug therapy

IMMUNIZATION: None available

PROPHYLAXIS: None available

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Eight cases reported

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Stool specimens

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion; direct contact of eggs with mucous membranes; skin penetration of larvae

SPECIAL HAZARDS: Avoid generation of aerosols when working with infective stages of Ascaris since frequent exposure to aerosolized antigens can lead to hypersensitivity

SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment facilities for activities involving infective stages of the parasite, infectious body tissues and fluids

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious material is unavoidable

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Work in a biosafety cabinet when chance of aerosolizing antigens

SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration

STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled

SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Date prepared: November 1999

Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC

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